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Figure 1. Chemical evolution of type I and type II tRNAs. 3 31 nucleotide minihelices of known sequence were linked to form the 93 nucleotide tRNA precursor, which was processed to type I and type II tRNAs by internal 9 nucleotide deletion(s). The colors are consistent with the model. Molecular graphics were done using ChimeraX

Transfer RNA as a written molecular history of the life transition on earth

Zachary Burton, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, reports on tRNA (transfer RNA) as a written molecular history of the pre-life to life transition on Earth ~4 billion years ago.
A very long oil train passing through a railyard in Havre, Montana, transporting fossil fuel from the oil fields of Williston, North Dakota. High resolution color photograph with copy space for your message. Horizontal composition.

Train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio: The toxic risks of transporting hazardous chemicals

The toxic risks of vinyl chloride have been debated for years, but a recent train derailment in the US brought this debate into the public eye, say Jessie R Badley, Caleb Ryce and Pamela J Lein.

Thermodynamics of hadronization: The rotating lepton model explains key CERN experiments

Constantinos G. Vayenas, Professor at the University of Patras, Academy of Athens, explores the thermodynamics of hadronization, using the Rotating Lepton Model and two key CERN experiments.
Directly above of test tube backgrounds.

The future of sustainable electrified catalyst recycling

Xochitl Dominguez Benetton, Senior Scientist & Project Coordinator at the Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO) and the FIREFLY consortium, explore competitiveness and sovereignty through sustainable electrified catalyst recycling.
Science Background with Molecules. 3D Render

Independent research experiences in sustainable chemistry

The Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) programme in the Department of Chemistry at Michigan State University was created to inform students majoring in chemistry, biochemistry and chemical engineering about key societal sustainability challenges and to provide graduate-level independent research experiences that address aspects of these challenges.
Scentist people working inside laboratory with microscope and laptop while wearing hazmat suit and face masks - Focus on the young woman with microscope

Enhance expertise in European research infrastructures

Marialuisa Lavitrano, Full Professor at University Milano Bicocca, explores the need for a European School for the Management of Research Infrastructure to enhance expertise in European research infrastructure management.
Figure 1. The reflexivity of AARS genes and the challenges of understanding its origin. The figure illustrates three main challenges. (I) We must construct a bidirectional gene (salmon background) that uses a minimal amino acid alphabet to encode ancestral AARS from Classes I and II on opposite strands. Polypeptide and nucleic acid sequences have directions indicated by (N,C) and (5’,3’). The genes are sequences of codons (colored ellipses) and use only two types of amino acids, A and B. (II) We must show that both coded proteins (I and II) fold into active assignment catalysts that recognize both amino acid and tRNA (colored letters, ellipses in cavities), producing (mostly) aminoacyl-tRNAs with correct amino acids and anticodons. (III) We have to show that the aminoacylated RNAs can assemble onto messenger RNAs (I) and (II), transcribed from the bidirectional gene (reversed dashed arrows).

Structural biology research and the origins of genetic coding

Charles W. Carter, Jr, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, reviews the ways that recent research in Structural Biology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Phylogenetics have opened the origins of genetic coding to experimental study and their important implications.
LISM

Astrophysical and planetary sciences: Exploring the local interstellar medium and the next space frontier

Prof Jeffrey L Linsky from the University of Colorado Boulder, sheds light on exploring the next space frontier in this exciting astrophysical and planetary sciences focus.
Portrait of a Young Scientist in The Laboratory

LGBTQ+ scientists: UK-US inclusion in STEM

Belinda Colston1, Abigail Powell1, Lauren Esposito2 and Arti Agrawal3 discuss the challenges for LGBTQ+ scientists and inclusion in the UK-US STEM landscape through an intersectional lens.
Analyzing samples

Carbon dots in forensics, environmental science, and medicine

Dr. Cecilia E. Van Cauwenberghe, from Frost & Sullivan, explains the revolutionary impact of carbon dots in forensics, environmental science, and medicine to detect, diagnose, and treat.
Coronavirus. COVID-19. Copy space. 3D Render

Building global health with lego vaccines

Prof Tuck Seng Wong and Dr Kang Lan Tee from the University of Sheffield, explain building global health with LEGO vaccines.
http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/17401820/2

Ultrananocrystalline diamond coating (UNCD™): Revolutionizing surface engineering

Unique, low-cost ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD™) coating is facilitating new generations of industrial products, high-tech devices, medical devices, and prostheses.

Reducing climate change and global warming

Professor Ken Naitoh from Waseda University in Japan charts a particular interdisciplinary carbon-neutral approach for reducing climate change and global warming that he believes will lead to a more peaceful world.

MAGL inhibition: A novel treatment option for combating inflammatory disease?

Pharma researchers Uwe Grether and Julie Blaising from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. highlight the vast therapeutic potential of MAGL inhibition for central and peripheral diseases.

CH-Bioforce strives for a cleaner world with unique bioforsense technology

In this interview, Petri Tolonen, CEO of CH-Bioforce, sheds light on the environmental benefits of Bioforsense technology.
Figure 1. Schematic of the pioneering CERN experiments showing that proton-proton collisions produce neutrinos (1,2) (top) and interpretation according to RLM of composite particles (bottom).(4-6)

Neutrino production in proton-proton collisions supports the rotating lepton model

Direct observation of neutrino production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at CERN LHC lend strong support to the Rotating Lepton Model, Constantinos G. Vayenas(1), Dionysios Tsousis(1,2) and Eftyhia Martino1 ((1)University of Patras, (2)Stanford University) tell us.

Microfluidic microbial bioreactors: How studying microbes at the microscale can help empower microbiology

Long before the existence of microbes was known, humans were unknowingly harnessing their power through practices such as brewing, bread leavening, or cheesemaking. These processes extended the shelf life of food, enhanced its nutritional value, and significantly contributed to the advancement of industry and civilization.
Figure 1. Elements of the operational RNA code in the tRNA acceptor stem. A. Bases in the tRNA acceptor stem encode two aspects of amino acid physical chemistry—size and polarity—that determine protein folding. B. Acceptor stem bases preceded the anticodon stem-loop and code other properties. C. The oldest parts of Class I and II AARS could already discriminate between both amino acid and RNA substrates (6) .

tRNA: The operational RNA code and protein folding

Charles W. Carter, Jr., from the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, relates molecular recognition used in genetic coding to structures of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and their cognate tRNAs.

Digital Life Norway (DLN) Initiative to foster and boost transdisciplinary biotechnology research and innovation

Meeting the rapid developments in biotechnology by fostering transdisciplinarity, including digitalisation and big data, to create convergence for innovation in a virtual centre.
Figure 1: Early research at Purdue University in the Webster lab that led to the formation of Nanovis, which now has over 3,000 FortiFixTM pedicle screws inserted in humans with no cases of implant failure, according to the Maude database. The industry standard of pedicle screw failures lies between 5 – 10% depending on the data assessed.

Opinion: Do universities help or hurt innovation?

Do Universities help or hurt innovation? Find out in this 25-year academic entrepreneur’s anecdotal perspective of starting companies and developing implants. Thomas J. Webster shares his opinion here.
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