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Fundamental Research

Shot of a young scientist using a microscope while conducting research in a laboratory

Responsible and ethical conduct of research: Principles to uphold

Greg M. Swain, Professor of Chemistry at Michigan State University, emphasizes the importance of responsible and ethical conduct of research (RECR) in scientific progress.
Magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor

Superconductivity and related macroscopic quantum phenomena

John H. Miller, Jr., from the University of Houston, Dept. of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, walks us through superconductivity and related macroscopic quantum phenomena.
circular economy, economy, linear economy, economy

Purple non-sulfur bacteria and the circular economy

Arpita Bose, Associate Professor at Washington University in St. Louis, discusses the potential of microbial solutions in supporting sustainable and environmentally responsible alternatives to the traditional linear economy.
A group of antibiotic pill capsules fallling. Healthcare and medical 3D illustration background.

Drug repositioning using multiple gene expression profiles

Chuo University’s Professor Y-h. Taguchi places focus on drug repositioning using multiple gene expression profiles
Aerial View of Beijing Traffic Jam

Using lotteries instead of auctioning is both inefficient and inequality-creating

Yew-Kwang Ng, Emeritus Professor in the Department of Economics at Monash University, compares the use of the lottery and auctioning to allocate scarce goods.
A financial data analysis graph. Selective focus. Horizontal composition with copy space.

Towards generalised pairs trading strategies through AI

Here, we learn about Professor Chien-Feng Huang’s interdisciplinary research at the National University of Kaohsiung in Taiwan, concerning the move towards generalised pairs trading strategies through artificial intelligence.
Figure 1. (a) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of UNCDTM coating, showing 3-5 nm grains; (b) Schematic of Si microchip (artificial retina)-left/cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM-top right) image of UNCD-encapsulated microchip and electrodes (bottom) made of Si tips coated with unique electrically conductive N atoms-doped N-UNCD coating. Injecting electrons in ganglion cells, transferring to the brain to produce an image; (c) Cross-section SEM image of UNCD-coated DI; (d) X-ray image of UNCD- coated DI (upper left) and UNCD-coated DI in maxillary bone of one of 51 patients implanted with UNCD-coated DI in clinical trials (2018 to present); (e) Schematics of artificial hip (top)/knee (bottom) to be coated with UNCDTM; (f) Water drop contact angle (178 ̊) on CF4 plasma processed UNCDTM surface, showing highest super-hydrophobicity of any known biomaterial, inhibiting blood cells adhesion on stent’s surface (Fig. 1(g))/heart valve’s surface (Fig. 1 (h)), eliminating thrombus formation. (5)

Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD™) coating for new-generation implantable medical devices/prostheses

In this materials science piece, Orlando Auciello, describes the development of a unique multifunctional/best biocompatible ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCDTM) coating for new-generation implantable medical devices and prostheses.
Image: © NSF/LIGO/Sonoma State University/A. Simonnet

What remains when two neutron stars collide?

Distinguished Professor Susan M. Scott and Dr Karl Wette from the Australian National University examine what remains when two neutron stars collide in this exciting gravitational astrophysics focus.
A scientist using a pipette with a microtiter plate and a petri dish

AI and modern experimental biology: A historical perspective

Ute Deichmann, Director of the Jacques Loeb Centre for the History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, discusses the adoption and limitations of Artificial Intelligence within modern experimental biology.
Tumor microenvironment concept with cancer cells, T-Cells, nanoparticles, cancer associated fibroblast layer of tumor microenvironment normal cells, molecules, and blood vessels 3d rendering

Understanding T lymphocytes inner workings to harness therapeutic potential

Leslie J. Berg, PhD from the University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, sheds light on understanding the inner workings of T lymphocytes to harness their therapeutic potential.

Data management plans as a tool for making data fair

Andy Götz (ESRF Data Manager and PaNOSC Coordinator), explores if and how Data Management Plans (DMPs) are essential for making data FAIR.
Fig. Randomly oriented fibres on nonwoven, recycled carbon fibre material. Raw image data (left) and colour-coded fibre orientation from -90° to +90° (right)

Quality control for the recycling of carbon fibre

Due to the inevitable variability of the end-of-life input material, the resulting recycled fibre and nonwoven or woven material will have a higher degree of variability than virgin material. To make sure such recycled fabric is usable for high-quality applications, additional methods for quality control are required.
Fig. Samples of recycled carbon fibres

Recycling fibre-reinforced composite parts

Uncured carbon fibre recycling by Bulk Moulding Compound (BMC).
Fig. Strips curing in the hot press process

Fresh prepreg multilayer scrap reuse

To address waste generated during production, a processing route for uncurde material is developed in MC4. Multilayer fresh prepreg scrap is processed to obtain new intermediate products that can be used to manufacture new parts.
A bed of glass particles at an industrial recycling facility UK

MC4 Project: Improving the EU capacity to process and recycle composite materials

The MC4 European research project aims to develop economically and technically feasible technologies for recycling fibre-reinforced composite parts.
Dna test infographic. Genome sequence map.

Chicken or egg? Pursuing historical context

Charles W Carter Jr, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, explores prebiotic processes from the historical context enabling the emergence of translation.
Test tubes, chemical industry

The sustainable catalyst-based chemical industry

Dr Xochitl Dominguez Benetton, Senior Scientist and Project Coordinator from the Flemish Institute for Technological Research, walks us through the sustainable catalyst-based chemical industry which is very much a part of the FIREFLY project.
Figure 1: Scientific innovations in ECS research and drug discovery that will strongly impact the future discovery of improved and tailor-made CB2R medicines.

CB₂R ligands to treat inflammatory diseases

Researchers discuss how scientific innovations might influence the discovery of future tailor-made CB2R-based anti-inflammatory treatments.
Lithium ion industrial high current batteries

Online pressure and gas analysis of lithium-ion cells during abuse tests

Dr Carlos Ziebert, Leader of the Group Batteries – Calorimetry and Safety, KIT, explains how online venting gas analysis of batteries can be performed using a combination of battery calorimetry and online mass spectrometry.

Interdisciplinary research on the splitting process of various particles

Professor Ken Naitoh from the Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering at Waseda University in Japan, walks us through universal laws discovered from outstanding integrated interdisciplinary research on the splitting processes of various particles.

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