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![Figure 1. Systemic immune responses elicited by oral dmLT-saponin combinations compared to injected vaccines (A) Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) image of the dmLT and saponin formulation demonstrating the formation of acid-stable micelle particles upon the addition of saponin to dmLT. (B) Preclinical evaluation of systemic serum IgG and IgA antibody responses following prime/boost vaccination. Antibody levels against the microbial protein antigen included in the vaccination were assessed two weeks post-final vaccination in immunized mice. Groups were stratified by vaccination route (intramuscular [IM] or sublingual [SL]) and adjuvant formulation (dmLT [D] and/or saponin [S]). Comparisons with unvaccinated controls (white bars) are shown. Statistical significance between groups is indicated (*P < 0.05), with the SL D+S group achieving the best IgG and IgA responses to vaccine antigen.](https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Figure-01-218x150.jpg "New strategies for an old problem – Oral vaccines research")
New strategies for an old problem – Oral vaccines research
Despite their advantages, oral vaccines encounter several challenges. Professor Elizabeth Norton from Tulane University discusses how her team is addressing these issues and their research on developing and testing dmLT and saponin combination adjuvants.
CRISPR/ Diagnostics: A portable lab for everyone
Professor Kevin J. Zwezdaryk and Chandler H. Monk discuss CRISPR and diagnostics, focusing on the development of a portable lab accessible to everyone.
