Using sugar as a catalyst to convert carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide

In a study published in Science, Northwestern University researchers have introduced a catalyst with the ability to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbon monoxide (CO), using table sugar 

Led by Milad Khoshooei and Omar K. Farha, the Northwestern team has developed a catalyst created from molybdenum carbide, a resilient ceramic material that stands out for its affordability. 

Unexpected carbon source

“We’re not the first research group to convert CO2 into another product,” said Northwestern’s Omar K. Farha, the study’s senior author. “However, for the process to be truly practical, it necessitates a catalyst that fulfils several crucial criteria: affordability, stability, ease of production and scalability. Balancing these four elements is key. Fortunately, our material excels in meeting these requirements.”

Khoshooei, reflecting on his daily trips to the lab with sugar in hand, emphasises the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of their approach. This catalyst not only offers a promising solution for reducing CO2 emissions but also addresses the challenge of managing captured carbon.

Operating at high temperatures and ambient pressures, it shows selectivity in converting CO2 into CO, a crucial characteristic for practical application. 

Usually, it is common for a catalyst to lose its selectivity after just a few hours, this catalyst lasted 500 hours in a harsh environment and no change was observed. 

Farha highlights the catalyst’s stability, often in chemistry degradation over time is a concern but his catalyst will stay stable. 

Why is this achievement so significant? 

Converting CO2 is known for being difficult, it’s a stubborn molecule, resistant to change. The Northwestern team has succeeded in overcoming this obstacle, which will help fight against climate change.

Looking ahead, Farha envisions a tandem approach, combining the catalyst with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for carbon capture and conversion. 

“At some point, we could employ a MOF to capture CO2, followed by a catalyst converting it into something more beneficial,” Farha suggested. “A tandem system utilizing two distinct materials for two sequential steps could be the way forward.”

This system could change carbon sequestration, providing a versatile solution with economic value. By using sugar and molybdenum, carbon dioxide is being turned into a reliable source.