Government organisations are continuing to feel the squeeze of austerity. So how can departments make further spending reductions over and above what they have...
Günther H. Oettinger, European Commissioner for Digital Economy & Society details the importance of a digital economy and sustainable online services
There are few business...
Alastair Creelman, an e-learning Specialist from Linnaeus University, Sweden discusses the benefits of universities embracing new changes in learning
The worldwide demand for higher education...
After more than 60 years, there is still room for improvement when it comes to medical evacuation, suggests Olav Kaarstein, president of NODIN Aviation.
MEDEVAC...
Gerry Corbett, UAS Programme Lead at the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA), tells Editor Laura Evans about the latest technology craze to hit our airspace –...
Matthew Finn, Managing Director at AUGMETIQ discusses the importance of building Europe’s capability to fight terrorism and serious transnational organised crime
For the better part...
James Kelly, Chief Executive at the British Security Industry Association (BSIA) outlines why CCTV remains a crucial pillar to public safety and highlights the...
Chris Morriss, Team Leader – Cyber Assurance at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) details the role of government science and technology, and...
Wim Fabries, European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) Programme Director at the Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment in the Netherlands, explains how a system...
Stephan Kuster, Head of Policy Affairs at Science Europe outlines the role scientific excellence plays in encouraging innovation throughout Europe
Science is surrounded by growing...
Libor Lochman, Britta Schreiner and Hans Besser from CER – the Voice of European Railways, emphasise the importance of infrastructure investment throughout Europe
Mobility is vital...
Councillor Michael Jones, Leader of Cheshire East Council explains how geothermal energy will help to secure the Borough’s economic future
The British Geological Survey has...
A part of Bristol’s status as 2015 European Green Capital involves becoming the UK’s most energy efficient major city. Here, the Council outline their...
![Figure 1: Sketch of the evolution of the Universe over the last 13.77 billion years. It started with the Big Bang, followed by an extremely short period of rapid exponential expansion. The furthest we can see is the cosmic microwave background, when radiation decoupled from matter, approximately 380,000 years after the Big Bang. This is followed by the ‘dark ages,’ during which this radiation redshifted from the visible regime into infrared and sub-mm wavelengths. The occurrence of the first stars, about 400 million years after the Big Bang, ended this phase, spearheading the formation of galaxies as we see them today. [Credit: NASA/WMAP Science Team, public domain]](https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Fig-1_1200.jpg)
