JWST: Dwarf galaxies utilise a 10-million-year lull to propel star formation

University of Michigan researchers have unveiled a cosmic phenomenon in dwarf galaxies, shedding light on their stellar productivity. Dwarf galaxies, less evolved than their massive counterparts, boast expansive star-forming regions and higher star-formation rates

The researchers attribute this unique feature to a 10-million-year delay in expelling gas clutter within these galaxies. Unlike more evolved counterparts like the Milky Way, where massive stars trigger explosive superwinds, dwarf galaxies retain their gas, enabling prolonged star formation.

Galactic gas stasis: The 10-million-year delay

Drawing insights from the Hubble tuning fork—a galaxy classification system—the researchers pinpointed the correlation between galaxy evolution and star-forming capabilities. Dwarf galaxies at the tuning fork’s end exhibit prolific star-forming regions due to their struggle to cease star formation without expelling their gas.

Observational evidence in nearby dwarf galaxy

In a parallel study using the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers examined Mrk 71, a dwarf galaxy about 10 million light-years away. The findings supported the hypothesis, showcasing observational evidence of the absence of superwinds. The lack of supernova explosions allowed energy to radiate out, preventing the formation of a hot superwind and preserving dense gas in the environment.

Cosmic implications and James Webb Space Telescope connection

The 10-million-year quiet period in dwarf galaxies offers astronomers a glimpse into scenarios resembling the cosmic dawn shortly after the Big Bang. This period mirrors conditions when gas clumps together, showcasing a phenomenon termed the “picket fence” model.

The researchers believe their work holds significance for understanding galaxies observed at cosmic dawn by the James Webb Space Telescope, opening new avenues for exploration.