Protein root discovery secures the future of climate-proof plants

Scientists have identified a protein that effectively seals plant roots, controlling the absorption of nutrients and water from the soil

This breakthrough has the potential to facilitate the development of resilient crops that can thrive in varying climates while reducing the need for excessive water and chemical fertilisers.

Discovery of dirigent proteins (DPs)

A team of researchers from the University of Nottingham has uncovered novel constituents of the lignin barrier within plant roots, as well as the specific role of dirigent proteins (DPs) located in the root endodermis, which regulate the uptake of water and nutrients.

Plant roots serve the dual purpose of absorbing mineral nutrients and water from the soil while managing their proper distribution within the plant. This regulatory function is primarily carried out by a specialised layer of root tissue known as the endodermis.

Within the endodermis, there exists a barrier made of lignin, the same substance found in wood, which functions as an impenetrable obstacle preventing the uncontrolled movement of solutes and water into the root. This barrier forms a tight seal between cells, ensuring that the pathway for the uptake of nutrients and water by the roots occurs through the cells of the endodermis. This mechanism grants complete cellular control over what substances enter and exit the plant via the roots.

Climate challenges

This study has pinpointed fresh elements within the lignin deposition process, with a specific emphasis on the role of dirigent proteins (DPs) found in the root endodermis. These proteins work with previously documented root regulatory factors to guide and arrange the precise placement of lignin in the endodermis. This, in turn, enables the plant to guarantee it attains the ideal nutrient balance from the soil.

Given the record-breaking temperatures experienced in various regions worldwide this year and the unpredictable rainfall patterns, it has become increasingly crucial to comprehend plant mechanisms. This study will help support plants against future challenges and ensure the security of future food sources. This study sheds light on how plant roots maintain control over their water and nutrient absorption by managing lignin deposition, a process regulated by DPs.

Dr Gabriel Castrillo from the University of Nottingham’s School of Biosciences one of the research leaders, said:

“Without these proteins, proper root sealing is not completed and the nutrient balance in the plant is compromised.”

This knowledge can be harnessed to manipulate plant genetics and develop crops capable of thriving with reduced water and chemical fertiliser requirements.