Study finds biomarker for early multiple sclerosis diagnosis

Researchers have discovered that measuring retinal layer thickness can significantly improve the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS)

After an examination conducted by researchers from the Department of Neurology at MedUni Vienna and University Hospital Vienna, they unveiled a groundbreaking finding that the thickness of retinal layers in the eye can significantly enhance the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS).

The study, published in the journal Neurology, demonstrates that measuring retinal layer thickness using the optical coherence tomography (OCT) procedure, already available at the institutions, enables the early detection of MS and provides a more accurate prediction of its progression, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Early multiple sclerosis diagnosis: Research methodology

Led by Gabriel Bsteh and Thomas Berger, the research team collaborated with colleagues from the Department of Ophthalmology and Optometrics at MedUni Vienna and University Hospital Vienna.

Over five years, they examined 267 MS patients, building upon previous research from 2022 that highlighted the correlation between MS-related damage to the retina and brain damage.

This earlier study also revealed that a reduction of 5 micrometres in retinal layer thickness after optic neuritis indicated a doubling of the risk of permanent disability following the subsequent relapse.

With the latest research on a large cohort of MS patients, the team confirmed that retinal layer thickness can be a precise biomarker for early MS diagnosis.

Optical coherence tomography: A revolutionary diagnostic procedure

The researchers utilised optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging method employing infrared light, to measure the thickness of the retinal layer. OCT generates high-resolution, three-dimensional images of tissue layers as thin as a few micrometres.

This non-invasive procedure is already used for diagnosing and monitoring eye diseases like glaucoma. Gabriel Bsteh, the study’s first author, emphasised the potential of OCT, stating that it significantly improves the accuracy of MS diagnosis at an earlier stage when used alongside current diagnostic criteria. This enables initiating treatment sooner, leading to a considerably enhanced long-term patient prognosis.

Early multiple sclerosis detection: A critical factor in MS management

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nervous system, characterised by autoimmune reactions and the loss of nerve cells.

As the initial damage often goes unnoticed by patients, early diagnosis is challenging, resulting in delayed treatment initiation and potential long-term consequences such as impaired mobility and blindness.

Recognising the significance of early detection and prognosis for MS patients, medical researchers have been striving to develop improved diagnostic methods.

The study’s lead author, Gabriel Bsteh, described the retinal layer thickness as a “window to the brain,” highlighting its potential as a new biomarker for MS diagnosis.

The following stages of research will explore the importance of retinal layer thickness in evaluating responses to MS treatment.

This groundbreaking research offers hope for early MS detection, emphasising the role of retinal layer thickness as a valuable biomarker.

With further studies, medical professionals aim to refine diagnostic procedures and improve treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing the lives of individuals affected by this challenging disease.